Hardness : 9 on the Mohs scale
Specific gravity : 3.6 gm/cc
Bulk Density : 2.0gm/cc
Shape : angular and cubic with low flakiness
Product and composition : A processed, graded and chemically inert aggregate containing minimum 60% alumina
Mesh size / grading : Redstone sizes to British Standard 63(3 to 50 mm) or alternative specifications. Full range of individual grit sizes from 3mm to 45 microns. Coarse andnspecial sizes
Polished stone value : 68.0
Aggregate abrasive value : 1.9
Aggregate impact value : 8.0
Aggregate crushing value : 8.2
Surface texture : Rough
Colour : Dark gray
Pack size : 50 kilos in polypropylene sacks
Storage life : Indefinite (in sealed sacks)
Resistance to chemical attack : there is no effect of H2 SO4, HCl and NaOH
Comparative wear test result : Test results show that LIONEM significantly reduces the depth of wear. Thickness loss after 15 minutes of using an abrasion machine is 0.37mm (as compared to 0.67mm of the normal cement surface).
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
1. BASE CONCRETE
The base concrete should be designed to have a minimum cement content of
300Kg/m3, with the water cement ratio kept to a minimum. The base concrete
should be placed in accordance with good concrete practical. Particular care
should be exercised at bay edges to ensure good compaction.
2. METHOD OF APPLICATION
2.1 Dry Shake Method:
Mixing: Dry mix two 50Kg bags of LIONEM with 50Kg of Ordinary Port land cement. The same grade of cement is used for the LIONEM as that used in the base concrete.. Mix on a dry flat surface and do not add water.
Application : The LIONEM / Cement is applied when the base concrete is sufficiently firm to take he weight of both workman and power float, and Leaving foot prints no greater than 3mm in depth. No free standing water should be evident. Do not delay application when this point has been reached.
Broadcast the LIONEM /Cement dry mix in two equal stages. Firstly, apply at the rate of 3.5Kg per m2. Carry out the first power or hand trowel and then repeat the operation. But broadcast the second stage is completely trowelled in before continuing with the second stage. Finally, when the sheen beings to leave the surface, carry out power trowelling to close the pores and completely level the surface. Initially the blades should be set flat or at a slight angle but as the concrete continues to stiffen the blades should be increased. Do not over trowel. Spin trowelling is done for an anti slip effect.
Coverage: 3.5 Kg of LIONEM plus 1.8 Kg of Ordinary Portland Cement cover 1 sq. m. (2.5mm thickness).
2.2 Floor toppings
Mixing LIONEM Toppings:
The coverage table indicates the mix properties for the LIONEM
aggregate, sand and cement. Mixing must be carried out by mechanical means
the LIONEM aggregate and sand are thoroughly mixed, the cement added and the whole remixed. Water is then added to bring the mix to a plastic state suitable for the production of a trowlled finish. (normally a water cement ratio of 0.4 is satisfactory). The prepared mix must be used within 1 hour, any material remaining is discarded.
Laying LIONEM Toppings:
Any water on the surface of the concrete is removed, or allowed to dry out, prior to laying the LIONEM topping. Free water indicates the use of an over wet base concert and steps should be taken to reduce the water content for subsequent bays.
The LIONEM mix is spared evenly on the base concrete, consolidated and levelled. Particular care should be taken to obtain full compaction of the bay edges and corners. The use of a hand rammer at these points is recommended. The smooth, hard surface is obtained by either hand trowelling at intervals of time, or by the use of a power float, followed by a final hand trowelling to remove any disc marks. There are 2 recommended ways of laying LIONEM floor toppings.
2.21 Monolithic Construction:
The LIONEM topping, not less than 12mm thick, is laid within 3 hours of base concrete. This form of construction should be used whenever possible as it produces an integral floor, there by minimizing the dangers of cracking or curling of a minimum.
2.22 Separate Construction:
This method is used when the base concrete has set and hardened before the topping can be applied. It is then necessary after preparation of the base concrete to apply a bonding layer with a minimum thickness of 25mm before laying the LIONEM topping.
3. Coverage rate of lionem mix for floor topping:
(In kilos per square meter for 12mm thickness)
LIONEM Sand Cement Purpose Specification
13 10 13 Light factory floors Light Duty
16 7 13 stores, power station Medium Duty
19 5 13 steelworks, shipyards Heavy Duty
4. Curing should be carried out immediately the final trowelling operation has been completed. This can be done by either conventional means or by the application of various curing compounds depending on the type of subsequent treatment to be applied. Apply one coat of a resinous type curing compound or any other approved method suitable for hot climate. Protect all surfaces from traffic until the surface has completely hardened or gained full strength, depending on the type of use.
Curing time: (depending on cement used temperature, etc.)
3days for pedestrian traffic
7days for light vehicle traffic
14 days for normal traffic
28 days for fully loaded traffic
5. Stress Relief Joints and Bay Sizes:
Length of bays should be not more than one a half times the width with following maximum:
100mm thick concrete not more than 14m2
150mm thick concrete not more than 28m2
Particularly when the long bay pattern is used, stress relief joints should be cut at 7 10 meter intervals with a diamond blade but again not more than one a half times the bay width. Cuts should also be introduce along the centre line of columns, around columns and under partitions. Joints should be cut 5mm wide and 40mm deep, cleaned immediately with a compressed air line and left open for at least 28 days before sealing. Cuts should be made not later than 2 days after laying (and in tropical climates, not later than 24 hours). Polyurethane tar sealants (oil and fuel resistant) to seal joints are used..
6. Surface Hardening (when required):
After the LIONEM topping is cured adequately and has been allowed to dry out (minimum 10days), two coats of liquid surface hardness should be applied. We recommend this because; even with a really hard, well trowelled surface; the cement may tend to dust. The solution penetrates the surface to a depth of approximately 3mm and reacts with the free lime to form hard, impermeable compounds which are highly stable. This gives the surface added resistance to dusting, and the action of oils, fats mild chemicals etc.
7. Clean all equipment with water immediately after use.